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COST ACTION 838

BOOK

Birkhäuser Verlag
Basel - Boston - Berlin

ISBN 3-7643-6485-8 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel - Boston-Berlin

Mycorrhizal
Technology in Agriculture

From Genes to Biproducts
S. Gianinazzi, H. Schüepp, J.M. Barea, K. Hasemwandter (Editors)
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza(AM) is the most common mycorrhizal type involved in agricultural systems, and the most widespread plant root symbiosis. The fungi involved (Glomales) are known to promote plant growth and health by acting as biofertilizers, bioprotectors and bioregulators. The main aim of this book is to provide readers with theoretical and applied knowledge essential for the use of AM fungi in improving plant health and fitness, production of high quality food and in conservations of natural resources. The different chapters target understanding the role of AM fungi in sustainable crop production, discussing ways to improve biological equilibria between microorganisms in the mycorrhizosphere, analysing genetic, physiological, cellular and molecular bases of AM functioning and establishing technologies or inoculum production, according to the regulatory guidelines for application.

Features and benefits:
- The volume represents an integrate demonstration that AM symbiosis is a crucial component to assure pant health and productivity and soil quality.
- The content of this book is not limited to basic knowledge on the genetics, physiology and ecology of AM, but (i) analyzes more deeply the influence of this symbiosis in plant/agroecosystem dynamics, (ii) widely discusses the possibilities of technology transfer of AM into commercial practices, (iii) puts special emphasis on problems linked to quality inoculum production and use, (iv) presents successful examples of the introduction of AM fungi into plant production systems.

Contents

IX

 List of contributors

XI

 Preface

1

 J.M. Baréa, M. Gryndler, P. Lemanceau, H. Schüepp and R. Azcon
The rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plant

19

 V. Bianciotto, S. Perotto, J.M. Ruiz-Lozano and P. Bonfante
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil bacteria: from cellular investigations to biotechnological perspectives

33

 B. Bago and G. Bécard
Bases of the obligate biotrophy of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

49

 M. Giovannetti, C. Sbrana and L. Avio
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal mycelium: form germlings to hyphal networks

59

 L.A. Harrier, S. Millam and P. Franken
Biolistic transformation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: advances and applications

71

 G. Berta, A. Fusconi and J.E. Hooker
Arbuscular mycorrhizal modifications to plant root systems: scale, mechanisms and consequences

87

 A. Gollotte, L. Brechenmacher, S. Weidmann, P. Franken and V. Gianinazzi-Pearson
Plant genes involved in arbuscular mycorrhiza formation and functioning

103

 M.J. Pozo, S. Slezack-Deschaumes, E. Dumas-Gaudot, S. Gianinazzi and C. Azcon-Aguilar
Plant defense responses induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

113

 N. Ferrol, S. Gianinazzi and V. Gianinazzi-Pearson
Arbuscular mycorrhiza induced ATPases and membrane nutrient transport mechanisms

123

 H. Bothe and U. Hildebrandt
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi nitrate assimilation: Genes and ecophysiological aspects

129

 D.J. Read
An ecological point of view on arbuscular mycorrhiza research

137

 K. Turnau and K. Haselwandter
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, an essential component of soil microflora in ecosystem restoration

151

 P. Jeffries, A. Craven-Griffiths, J.M. Barea, Y. Levy and J.C. Dodd
Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the revegetation of desertified Mediterranean ecosystems

175

 C. Leyval, E.J. Joner, C. del Val and K. Haselwandter
Potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for bioremediation

187

 C. Azcon-Aguilar, M.C. Jaizme-Vega and C. Calvet
The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to the control of soil-borne plant pathogens

199

 M. Tsimilli-Michael and R.J. Strasser
Mycorrhization as a stress adaptation procedure

211

 D. Atkinson, J.A. Baddeley, N. Goicoechea, J. Green, M. Sanchez-Diaz and C.A. Watson
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in low input agriculture

223

 M. Vestberg, A.C. Cassells, A. Schubert, C. Cordier and S. Gianinazzi
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and micropropagation of high value crops

235

 M. Vosatka and J.C. Dodd
Ecological considerations for successful application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum

249

 V. Estaun, A. Camprubi and E.J. Joner
Selecting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for field application

261

 F. Feldmann and C. Grotkass
Directed inoculum production - shall we be able to design populations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to achieve predictable symbiotic effectiveness?

281

 H. von Alten, B. Blal, J.C. Dodd, F. Feldmann and M. Vosatka
Quality control of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum in Europe